Son Tay ancient citadel in Hanoi

 Located in Son Tay town, 42 km from Hanoi center, the citadel was constructed in 1822, the 3rd year under Minh Mang reigne - Nguyen Dynasty. Son Tay citadel is one of 20 built during Nguyen Dynasty but this citadel is the only one built of laterite entirely. The citadel is stronghold defending Hanoi city from the north west. 

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The total area is 16 hectares surrounded by deep moat and high wall of 4.4 meters. There are 4 entrance gates, cannons placed on wall looking to 4 directions. Each side of the citadel is about 500 m, the surrounding moat is 3 m deep and 20 m width. The center of citadel is ritual place with 2 square lotus ponds on 2 sides and high tower. 

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Visit to the citadel it brings us to the memory of 19th century. Son Tay citadel is green and multi-color by trees and flowers all year round. It is well preserved by locals for the citadel was recognized as National Heritage since 1994. One day tour to Son Tay citadel can be combined with visit to Duong Lam village, Ngo Quyen temple, Phung Hung temple...  

Photo: Nguyen Tien Quang

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BAC SON STREET IN HANOI

 Bac Son street stretches 288 m  from Hoang Dieu street to the front of Ba Dinh square. It is 30 m wide filled with garden of flowers. By the end connecting with Hoang Dieu street is the construction of War Memorial.

                                                 Photo Internet (Bac Son street in 1976)

The street of Bac Son is right inside former Thang Long citadel. In 1933 the street was named Paul Doumer - the name of a French Governor of Indochina. After 1945 the name was changed for Nhan Quyen (Human Right), then Nguyen Ham, Nguyen Lam, and then Bac Son till now.

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Bac Son is a region in Lang Son province where an an anti-French movement was broken out in 1940. The street was widened during 1973 - 1975 when Vietnam built Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum at Ba Dinh square. 

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ROMANTIC PHAN DINH PHUNG STREET IN HANOI

 Phan Dinh Phung street extends from Mai Xuan Thuong to Hang Cot street with the length of 1.5 km. It is green tree-line street doted by many old yellow French villas. 

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Historical relics on the street are Cua Bac entrance gate to former Thang Long citadel, Cua Bac church.

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Phan Dinh Phung street belong to Ba Dinh District, just few minutes walking to Ba Dinh square and the political heart of Vietnam including goverment offices and Ho Chi Minh mausoleum, Presidential palace...

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Phan Dinh Phung street is nice place for a stop and taking photo 

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The street looks quite romantic in Autumn (Mid - August - Mid - November)

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HISTORICAL HOUSE OF 48 HANG NGANG STREET

The house at 48 Hang Ngang street become famous historical house in Hanoi, where president Ho Chi Minh drafted the Declaration of Independence for the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945.

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By the end of August 1945, after returning from mountainous area of Tan Trao, the resistant base of Viet Minh, Ho Chi Minh chose the house as one of his meeting places. 

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The living room is the place where he received representatives of domestic and foreign visitors. Next to the living room is a small room with humble furnishing of a wardrobe, a sofa, a round table, and an armchair, where the President composed the Declaration of Independence. 

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The houe number 48 Hang Ngang street is situated right in the heart of Old Quarter Hanoi, and becomes one  of National Heritages

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CAPITALS OF VIETNAM THROUGHOUT HISTORY

Vietnam is a country in South East Asia, based on wet  rice cultivation. Vietnam has 54 ethnic minorities living from North to South. Capital of Vietnam was in different provinces by passing times.

2000 BC: Hung Vuong Dynasty, the capital at Phong Chau - Phu Tho province

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257 - 208 BC: An Duong Vuong, the capital at Co Loa - Hanoi

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40-43 AD : Trung Vuong, the capital at Me Linh - Hanoi

541 - 602 : Pre - Ly Dynasty, the capital at Long Bien - Hanoi

8th century - 937 : the capital at Dai La, today Hanoi

939 - 967 : Ngo Dynasty, the capital at Co Loa, today Hanoi

968 - 1009 : Dinh and Pre-Le Dynasties, the capital at Hoa Lu, today Ninh Binh province

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1009 - 1400 : Ly and Tran Dynasties, the capital in Thang Long or today Hanoi

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1400 - 1407 : Ho Dynasty, the capital in Thanh Hoa province

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1428 - 1788 : Le and Mac Dynasties, the capital in Hanoi

1789 - 1802: Quang Trung, the capital in Phu Xuan - central part of Vietnam

1802 - 1945: Nguyen Dynasty, the capital city in Hue, central part of Vietnam

                                                               Photo Vietnamtourism

1945 - 1976: Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the capital in Hanoi

1976 till now: Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the capital is Hanoi city

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Nowadays, Thang Long royal city becomes the relics in Hanoi center, which was listed as the World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 2010. Hue citadel is also one of World Cultural Heritages recognized in 1993. 

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